2.01 Date
Date expressions vary from country to country.
There are those main differences:
a. Format difference
b. Whether using era system or not
c. Month and day of week in local language
There are two elements for Date Format, one is sequence of data and another is data separator.
Data Sequence: There are 3 kinds of date formats:
Type-1 : ddmmyy (Day, Month,
Year)
Type-2 : yymmdd (Year, Month,
Day)
Type-2C*
Type-3 : mmddyy (Month, Day,
Year)
* Type-2C; (Era name if needed) yy mm dd This is special (Chinese) version of the Type-2.
. (5E74), (6708), (65E5)
rem-1: Type-2C data sequence is also "data separator in local character"
Data Separator: There are 4 kinds of data separator:
Type-1: Space as data separator (ex.
yy mm dd)
Type-2: Dash as data separator (ex.
yy-mm-dd)
Type-3: Slidus as data separator (ex.
yy/mm/dd)
Type-4: Period as data separator (ex.
yy. mm. dd)
sequence | separator | |||
China | CNA | 2, 2C | 1, 2, 3, 4 | note-4 |
Hong Kong | HKG | 1, 2, 2C, 3 | 2, 3, 4 | |
India | IND | 1, 2 | 1, 2, 3 | |
Indonesia | INA | 1 | 1, 2, 3 | |
Japan | JPN | 2, 2C | 1, 2, 3, 4 | note-1 |
Korea | KOR | 2, 2C | 3. 4 | |
Malaysia | MAS | 1 | 2, 3 | note-2 |
Philippines | PHI | 1, 2, 3 | 2, 3 | |
Singapore | SIN | 1, 2, 2C, 3 | 3 | |
Thailand | THI | 1 | 3 | note-3 |
note-1: | JIS X 0301 specifies Type 1 (yy mm dd) and Type-2 (yy-mm-dd), and Type-4 (nyy.mm.dd) for Japanese Era system (n = M, T, S or H most of the cases). However, in practice, all formats are being used in mixed way including yy/mm/dd, nyy/mm/dd and nyy mm dd format. |
note-2: | Also, ddhb.(period) Month name,(Comma) yyyy dd (Space) haribulan month,(Comma) yyyy yyyy. (period) Jawi month name (Space) dd formats are in use |
note-3: | Year is in Buddhist Era (B.E.) | day of week | date | month name | Buddhist Era |
. (day of week 0E27, 0E31, 0E19) | . (date 0E17, 0E35, 0E48) |
. (month 0E40, 0E14, 0E37, 0E19) | (B.E. 0E1E, 002E 0E28 002E) |
note-4: | GB/T 7408-94 specifies Type 1 (yy mm dd) and Type 2 (yy-mm-dd) in AD system. However, in practice, above separators are all used |
rem-2: | Related standards: ISO 3307,ISO 8601, GB/T 7408, IS 7900, IS 10934, JIS X 301, KS A 5401,KS C 5610, PNS 293, TIS 1111 |
2.01.2 Era system (DATE)
Some countries are using Era system as well as (or instead of) the popular AD system.
The era system are:
Type -M: (mandatory) for formal expression,
or
Type -P: (strong preference), or
Type -O (optional), or
k
Type -R: (rare use).
China | CNA | n/a | ||
Hong Kong | HKG | n/a | ||
India | IND | Saka calendar | S | note-1 |
Indonesia | INA | SM | P | note-2 |
Japan | JPN | Emperor year | P | note-3 |
Korea | KOR | Dangun Era | R | Dangun Era = AD + 2333 note-4 |
Malaysia | MAS | n/a | ||
Philippines | PHI | n/a | ||
Singapore | SIN | n/a | ||
Thailand | THI | Buddhist Era (B.E.) | P | B.E. = AD + 543 note-5 |
note-1: | Saka calendar is used in India
for civil purpose as well as Gregorian calendar. Year 1954-55 A.D. corresponds 1876 Saka, 1954 A.D. corresponds 1875-76 Saka Year starts from the day following the vernal equinox day. After adding 78 to the Saka Era, if the sum is divisible by 4. then it is a leap year (Saka calendar is not very popular as compared to Western calendar) |
note-2: | Use SM (Sebelum Masehi) in place of BC. SM is same calendar as BC, but different in name |
note-3: | Japanese Era: Japanese Era
name changes from Emperor to Emperor. Heisei is current Era,
and Showa, Taisho and Meiji had been used for the past 100 years.
Era name changes at the first day of Emperor, therefore, the ending year of one Era is the starting year of following Era (In sense of AD, one year has two Era names). Those two years are not full year, for example, year of Showa 64 is only 6 days a year (and year of Heisei 1 for the rest). |
starting date | ending date | short form | |||
Heisei | ( 5E73, 6210) | 1989-01-07 | H | H1 = S64 | |
Showa | ( 662D, 548C) | 1926-12-25 | 1989-01-06 | S | S1 = T15 |
Taisho | ( 5927, 6B63) | 1926-12-24 | 1912-07-30 | T | T1 = M45 |
Meiji | ( 660E, 6CBB) | 1912-07-29 | 1888- * | M | M1 = K4 |
(K for Keio) |
*Calendar system has switched from
Lunar to modern system at early Meiji Era.
Therefore, conversion
of date before Meiji (and beginning several years for Meiji) isuseless.
and using such old date in almost all IT application is not
necessary.
note-4: | Korean Era | Dangun | (35B3, 3477) | |
note-5: | Buddhist Era | B.E. | (0E1E, 002E, 0E28, 002E) |
2.01.3 Name of month (in local language) (DATE)
2.01.3.1 Full name in local expression (name of month)
China | CNA | Hong Kong | HNG | |
January | (4E00, 6708) | (4E00, 6708) | ||
February | (4E8C, 6708) | (4E8C, 6708) | ||
March | (4E09, 6708) | (4E09, 6708) | ||
April | (56DB, 6708) | (56DB, 6708) | ||
May | (4E94, 6708) | (4E94, 6708) | ||
June | (516D, 6708) | (516D, 6708) | ||
July | (4E03, 6708) | (4E03, 6708) | ||
August | (516B, 6708) | (516B, 6708) | ||
September | (4E5D, 6708) | (4E5D, 6708) | ||
October | (5341, 6708) | (5341, 6708) | ||
November | (5341, 4E00, 6708) | (5341, 4E00, 6708) | ||
December | (5341, 4E8C, 6708) | (5341, 4E8C, 6708) |
India IND (Western Calendar) | ||
January | (091C, 0928, 0935, 0930, 0940) | |
February | (092B, 0930, 0935, 094D, 091A) | |
March | (092E, 093E, 0930, 0948, 0932) | |
April | (0905, 092A, 094D, 0930, 0948, 0932) | |
May | (092E, 0908) | |
June | (091C, 0942, 0928) | |
July | (091C, 0941, 0932, 093E, 0908) | |
August | (0905, 0917, 0938, 094D, 0924) | |
September | (0938, 093F, 0924, 092E, 094D, 092C, 0930) | |
October | (0905, 0915, 094D, 091F, 0941, 092C, 0930) | |
November | (0928, 0935, 092E, 094D, 092C, 0930) | |
December | (0926, 093F, 0938, 092E, 094D, 092C, 0930) |
India IND (Saka Calendar) | ||
January | (092E, 093E, 0918) | |
February | (092B, 093E, 0932, 094D, 0917, 0941, 0928) | |
March | (091A, 0948, 0924, 094D, 0917, 0941) | |
April | (092C, 0948, 0936, 093E, 0916) | |
May | (091C, 0947, 092F, 0937, 094D, 0920) | |
June | (0906, 0937, 093E, 095D) | |
July | (0936, 094D, 0930, 093E, 0935, 0923) | |
August | (092D, 093E, 0926, 094D, 0930) | |
September | (0905, 0936, 0935, 093F, 0928) | |
October | (0915, 093E, 0930, 094D, 0924, 093F, 0915) | |
November | (0905, 0917, 094D, 0930, 0939, 0928) | |
December | (091A, 094C, 0937) |
in Western calendar | |||
1st month | CHAITRA | 30 (31 days in a leap year) | MAR 22 common year |
MAR 21 leap year | |||
2nd month | VAISAKHA | 31 | APR 21 |
JYAISTHA | 31 | MAY 22 | |
ASADHA | 31 | JUN 22 | |
SRAVANA | 31 | JUL 23 | |
BHADRA | 31 | AUG 23 | |
ASVINA | 30 | SEP 23 | |
KARTIKA | 30 | OCT 23 | |
AGRAHAYANA | 30 | NOV 22 | |
PAUSA | 30 | DEC 22 | |
MAGHA | 30 | JAN 21 | |
Last month | PHALGUNA | 30 | FEB 20 |
Indonesia INA | Japan JPN | Korea KOR | |
Same as CNA or | Same as Japan (or in Hangul) | ||
January | Januari | 1 (6708) | 1 (wol 39DA) |
February | Februari | 2 (6708) | 2 (wol 39DA) |
March | Maret | 3 (6708) | 3 (wol 39DA) |
April | April | 4 (6708) | 4 (wol 39DA) |
May | Mei | 5 (6708) | 5 (wol 39DA) |
June | Juni | 6 (6708) | 6 (wol 39DA) |
July | Juli | 7 (6708) | 7 (wol 39DA) |
August | Agustus | 8 (6708) | 8 (wol 39DA) |
September | September | 9 (6708) | 9 (wol 39DA) |
October | Oktober | 10 (6708) | 10 (wol 39DA) |
November | November | 11 (6708) | 11 (wol 39DA) |
December | Desember | 12 (6708) | 12 (wol 39DA) |
Malaysia | MAS | |
Malay | Jawi | |
January | Januari | ( ) |
February | Februari | ( ) |
March | Mac | ( ) |
April | April | ( ) |
May | Mei | ( ) |
June | Jun | ( ) |
July | Julai | ( ) |
August | Ogos | ( ) |
September | September | ( ) |
October | Oktober | ( ) |
November | November | ( ) |
December | Disember | ( ) |
Philippines PHI | Singapore SIN | |
In English or | ||
January | Enero | January |
February | Pebrero | February |
March | Marso | March |
April | Abril | April |
May | Mayo | May |
June | Hunyo | June |
July | Hulyo | July |
August | Agosto | August |
September | Septembre | September |
October | Oktubre | October |
Novembe | Nobyembre | November |
December | Disyembre | December |
Thailand THI | ||
January | (0E21, 0E01, 0E23, 0E32, 0E04, 0E21) | |
February | (0E01, 0E38, 0E21, 0E20, 0E32, 0E1E, 0E31, 0E19, 0E18, 0E4C) | |
March | (0E21, 0E35, 0E19, 0E32, 0E04, 0E21) | |
April | (0E40, 0E21, 0E29, 0E32, 0E22, 0E19) | |
May | (0E1E, 0E24, 0E29, 0E20, 0E32, 0E04, 0E21) | |
June | (0E21, 0E34, 0E16, 0E38, 0E19, 0E32, 0W22, 0E19) | |
July | (0E01,0E23, 0E01, 0EDE, 0E32, 0E04, 0E21) | |
August | (0E2A, 0E34, 0E07, 0E2B, 0E32, 0ED4, 0E21) | |
September | (0E01, 0E31, 0E19, 0E22, 0E32, 0E22, 0E19) | |
October | (0E15, 0E38, 0E25, 0E32, 0E04, 0E21) | |
November | (0E1E, 0E24, 0E28, 0E08, 0E34, 0E01, 0E32, 0E22, 0E19) | |
December | (0E18, 0E31, 0E19, 0E27, 0E32, 0E04, 0E21) |
USA | CNA | HKG | IND | INA | JPN | KOR | |
January | JAN | Jan | |||||
February | FEB | Feb | |||||
March | MAR | Mar | |||||
April | APR | Apr | |||||
May | MAY | n/a | n/a | n/a | Mei | n/a | n/a |
June | JUN | Jun | |||||
July | JUL | Jul | |||||
August | AUG | Ag | |||||
September | SEP | Sep | |||||
October | OCT | Okt | |||||
November | NOV | Nov | |||||
December | DEC | Des |
MAS | PHI Local | PHI English | SIN English | THI | |
January | Jan | Jan | Jan | (0E21, 002E, 0E04, 002E) | |
February | Feb | Feb | Feb | (0E01, 002E, 0E1E, 002E) | |
March | Mac | Mar | Mar | (0E21, 0E35, 002E, 0E04, 002E) | |
April | Apr | Apr | Apr | (0E40, 0E21, 002E, 0E22, 002E) | |
May | Mei | n/a | May | May | (0E1E, 002E, 0E04, 002E) |
June | Jun | Jun | Jun | (0E21, 0E34, 002E, 0E22, 002E) | |
July | Jul | Jul | Jul | (0E01, 002E, 0E04, 002E) | |
August | Ogos | Aug | Aug | (0E2A, 002E, 0E04, 002E) | |
September | Sep | Sep | Sep | (0E01, 002E, 0E22, 002E) | |
October | Okt | Oct | Oct | (0E15, 002E, 0E04, 002E) | |
November | Nov | Nov | Nov | (0E1E, 002E, 0E22, 002E) | |
December | Dis | Dec | Dec | (0E18, 002E, 0E04, 002E) |
2.01.4 Name of day of week in local language (DATE)
2.01.4.1 Full local expression (day of week)
China CNA | Hong Kong HKG | |
| ||
Sunday | (661F, 671F, 65E5) | (661F, 671F, 65E5) |
Monday | (661F, 671F, 4E00) | (661F, 671F, 4E00) |
Tuesday | (661F, 671F, 4E8C) | (661F, 671F, 4E8C) |
Wednesday | (661F, 671F, 4E09) | (661F, 671F, 4E09) |
Thursday | (661F, 671F, 56DB) | (661F, 671F, 56DB) |
Friday | (661F, 671F, 4E94) | (661F, 671F, 4E94) |
Saturday | (661F, 671F, 516D) | (661F, 671F, 516D) |
India IND | ||
Sunday | (0930, 0935, 093F, 0935, 093E, 0930) | |
Monday | (0938, 094B, 092E, 0935, 093E, 0930) | |
Tuesday | (092E, 0902, 0917, 0932, 0935, 093E, 0930) | |
Wednesday | (092C, 0941, 0927, 0935, 093E, 0930) | |
Thursday | (092C, 0943, 0939, 0938,094D, 092A, 0924, 093F, 0935, 093E, 0930) | |
Friday | (0936, 0941, 0915, 094D, 0930, 0935, 093E, 0930) | |
Saturday | (0936, 0928, 093F, 0935, 093E, 0930) |
Indonesia INA | Japan JPN | |
Sunday | Minggu | (65E5, 66DC, 65E5) |
Monday | Senin | (6708, 66DC, 65E5) |
Tuesday | Selasa | (7068, 66DC, 65E5) |
Wednesday | Rabu | (6C34, 66DC, 65E5) |
Thursday | Kamis | (6728, 66DC, 65E5) |
Friday | Jum'at | (91D1, 66DC, 65E5) |
Saturday | Sabtu | (571F, 66DC, 65E5) |
Korea KOR (two kinds) Hanja | Hangul | |
Sunday | (65E5, 66DC, 65E5) | (ilyoil 3A0E. 39C5, 3A0E) |
Monday | (6708, 66DC, 65E5) | (wolyoil 39DA. 39C5, 3A0E) |
Tuesday | (7068, 66DC, 65E5) | (hwayoil 3CDC. 39C5, 3A0E) |
Wednesday | (6C34, 66DC, 65E5) | (suyoil 38BD. 39C5, 3A0E) |
Thursday | (6728, 66DC, 65E5) | (mogyoil 3740. 39C5, 3A0E) |
Friday | (91D1, 66DC, 65E5) | (kumyoil 349A. 39C5, 3A0E) |
Saturday | (571F, 66DC, 65E5) | (toyoil 3BF9. 39C5, 3A0E) |
Malaysia MAS Malay | Jawi | |
Sunday | Ahad | () |
Monday | Isnin | () |
Tuesda | Selasa | () |
Wednesday | Rahu | () |
Thursday | Khamis | () |
Friday | Jumaat | () |
Saturday | Sabtu | () |
Philippines PHI In English or Local |
Singapore SIN | |
Sunday | Linggo | Sunday |
Monday | Lunes | Monday |
Tuesday | Martes | Tuesday |
Wednesday | Miyerkoles | Wednesday |
Thursday | Huwebes | Thursday |
Friday | Biyernes | Friday |
Saturday | Sabado | Saturday |
Thailand THI | ||
Sunday | (0E27, 0E31, 0E19, 0E2D, 0E32, 0E17, 0E34, 0E15, 0E22, 0E4C) | |
Monday | (0E27, 0E31, 0E19, 0E08, 0E31, 0E19, 0E17, 0E23, 0E4C) | |
Tuesday | (0E27, 0E31, 0E19, 0E2D, 0E31, 0E07, 0E04, 0E32, 0E23) | |
Wednesday | (0E27, 0E31, 0E19, 0E1E, 0E38, 0E18) | |
Thursday | (0E27, 0E31, 0E19, 0E1E, 0E24, 0E2B, 0E31, 0E2A, 0E1A, 0E14, 0E35) | |
Friday | (0E27, 0E31, 0E19, 0E28, 0E38, 0E01, 0E23, 0E4C) | |
Saturday | (0E27, 0E31, 0E19, 0E40, 0E2A, 0E32, 0E23, 0E4C) |
2.01.4.2 Short form local expression
USA | CNA | HKG | IND English | Local | |
Sunday | SUN | (5468, 65E5) | (5468, 65E5) | Sun | |
Monday | MON | (5468, 4E00) | (5468, 4E00) | Mon | |
Tuesday | TUE | (5468, 4E8C) | (5468, 4E8C) | Tue | |
Wednesday | WED | (5468, 4E09) | (5468, 4E09) | Wed | n/a |
Thursday | THU | (5468, 56DB) | (5468, 56DB) | Thu | |
Friday | FRI | (5468, 4E94) | (5468, 4E94) | Fri | |
Saturday | SAT | (5468, 516D) | (5468, 516D) | Sat |
INA | JPN | KOR Hangul | Hanja | |
Sunday | (65E5) | (3A02) | (65E5) | |
Monday | (6708) | (39DA) | (6708) | |
Tuesday | (7068) | (3CDC) | (7068) | |
Wednesday | n/a | (6C34) | (38BD) | (6C34) |
Thursday | (6728) | (3740) | (6728) | |
Friday | (91D1) | (349A) | (91D1) | |
Saturday | (571F) | (3BF9) | (571F) |
MAS | PHI | SIN | THI | ||
Sunday | Aha | Sun | Sun | (0E2D, 0E32, 002E) | |
Monday | Isn | Mon | Mon | (0E08, 002E) | |
Tuesday | Sei | Tue | Tue | (0E2D, 002E) | |
Wednesday | Rab | Wed | Wed | (0E1E, 002E) | |
Thursday | Kha | Thu | Thu | (0E1E, 0E24, 002E) | |
Friday | Jum | Fri | Fri | (0E28, 002E) | |
Saturday | Sab | Sat | Sat | (0E2A, 002E) |
Type-1: Before the date
Type-2: After the date
Type-A: Sunday is the first day of a week
Type-B: Monday is the first day of a week
In Local character | In phonetic | First day | ||
(writing) | (speaking) | |||
China | CNA | 2 | 2 | B |
Hong Kong | HKG | 2 | 2 | A |
India | IND | 2 | 2 | B |
Indonesia | INA | 1 | 1 | A |
Japan | JPN | 2 | 1,2 | A, B |
Korea | KOR | 2 | 2 | A |
Malaysia | MAS | 1 | 1 | B |
Philippines | PHI | 2 | 2 | A |
Singapore | SIN | 1 | 1 | B |
Thailand | THI | 1 | 1 | A, B |
Type-1: Week 1 is the week including January 1st.
Type-2: Week 1 is the week starting first Sunday of the year
Type-3: Other than 1 and 2 (if any, specify)
China | CNA | 1,2 | note-2 | |
Hong Kong | HKG | 2 | ||
India | IND | n/a | No official week numbering is used | |
Indonesia | INA | n/a | No official week numbering is used | |
Japan | JPN | 1,2 | No official week numbering, it is organization dependent | note-1 |
Korea | KOR | n/a | No official week numbering is used | note-1 |
Malaysia | MAS | n/a | No official week numbering is used||
Philippines | PHI | n/a | No official week numbering is used | |
Singapore | SIN | n/a | No official week numbering is used | |
Thailand | THI | n/a | No official week numbering is used | note-1 |
note-1: | There is a week numbering within a month, 1st week is a week including 1st day of the month |
note-2: | GB/T 7408 specifies the first calendar week of the year is the one that includes the first Thursday of the year. In the Gregorian calendar, this is equivalent to the week which includes 4 January. |
rem-1: | related standard; KS A 5402 |
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